A

Aattuuq -- Grandfather according to Kobuk people (Mekiana, Justus (1) 1)

Abby -- Big William's wife, died two months later (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 2)

Abraham and Martha (Williams, Susie 4)

Abraham, Old Man (Attla, Catherine and Steven (3) 2)

Abraham -- adopted out (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 5)

Abrams, Elliot (Pepper, Jim (1) 10)

access (Bane, Ray (1) 11), (Morry, Riley 6)

access to park -- boat or walk (Reakoff, Jack 6)

access -- closed; tourists vs. residents (Holly, Susan 1)

access -- cut off (Reakoff, Jack 7)

access -- National Parks (Collins, Bruce 3)

access -- populations center and other agencies (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 7)

access -- rights of (Pepper, Jim (1) 9)

access -- to exposed petroleum sites (Schmitt, Dennis (2) 6)

accident -- chainsaw (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (3) 1)

accommodations (Morry, Riley 11)

accommodations -- wall tents; wood stoves (Henderson, Joe 2)

account -- credit (Johnson, Walter (1) 8)

activities -- hunting, fishing, camping (Mekiana, Debbie 1)

adaptations -- sewing machine, phonograph, pots & pans (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 7)

Adirondacks (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 1)

administration -- treatment and selection of rangers (Brown, William (2) 8)

administrators -- Kauffmann is distraught (Brown, William (2) 5)

Admiralty Island (Swem, Ted 11)

Adnee, Red (Reakoff, Jack 2)

Adnee, Red -- outfit for sale (Reakoff, Jack 1, 3)

adopted mother -- died when eight or nine (William, William and Effie (1) 4)

adoption -- by Big William (William, William and Effie (1) 4)

adoption -- Effie to Tilly (William, William and Effie (1) 1)

adoption -- freely, flexible (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 10 )

adults -- went across (Williams, Susie 2)

advanced infantry training -- two more months (Ned, Stanley 8)

advertising -- magazines (Henderson, Joe 2)

advice -- Alaska as different as you ever imagined (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 3)

advice -- don't make people an endangered species (Schmitz, Dave 11)

advice -- lots of work to do if you want to (Bifelt, Madeline 10)

advice -- try to listen to what Native people have to say (Ned, Stanley 5)

advisory board meeting (Swem, Ted 13)

Advisory Board -- Alaska trip (Swem, Ted 14)

Advisory Board -- trip (Swem, Ted (2) 2)

aerial wolf hunter (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 10)

aerial wolf hunting (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 3)

afterborns -- want those born after 1971 to get stock (Williams, Susie 12)

age -- recorded (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 5)

agencies -- learning other perspectives (Pepper, Jim (1) 5)

agencies -- need to do more local hiring (Bifelt, Fred Lee 9)

agencies -- proliferation (Schmitz, Dave 7)

agencies -- state; listening (Ned, Stanley 15)

agencies -- wildlife people fool with mink, will go away (Williams, Susie 4)

Agnew, Spiro (Reakoff, Jack 2)

Aguk, Bob (Mekiana, Justus (1) 9)

Aguk, Jack (Mekiana, Justus (1) 9, 17)

Aguk, Jesse -- grandfather (Mekiana, Justus (1) 5)

Agulukpak River (Swem, Ted 7)

Ahgook (Aguk), Ben (Mekiana, Justus (1) 8)

Ahgook (Aguk), Bob (Mekiana, Justus (1) 9)

Ahgook (Aguk), Jack (Mekiana, Justus (1) 9)

Ahgook, Jesse (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 9, 11) , (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 6, 8, 13)

Ahgook, Jesse -- as a cultural resource (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 6)

Ahgook, Noah (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 3)

Ahgook, Noah -- served as translator (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 3)

Ahlook, Charlie (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 9)

air access (Brown, William (2) 5)

air access -- alternative is 2-3 planes allowed entrance (Brown, William (2) 5)

air access -- designated flight routes (Brown, William (2) 5)

air transport (Johnson, Walter (1) 7)

air travel -- increased dramatically with park formation (Schmitz, Dave 6)

aircraft (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 3)

aircraft -- basic transportation for difficult terrain (Reakoff, Jack 6)

airlines -- Kotzebue, Pt. Barrow, Nome, Galena (William, William and Effie (2) 2)

airplane (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 6), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (5) 4), (Williams, Susie 8)

airplane -- 1950 or so (Beetus, Joe and Celia 6)

airplane -- Aeronca K (English, Bill and Shirley 11)

airplane -- commanchee (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 2)

airplane -- D-3 (Johnson, Walter (1) 7)

airplane -- flew around (William, William and Effie (1) 10)

airplane -- hunting (Brockman, Ross 7)

airplane -- impact (English, Bill and Shirley 12)

airplane -- loading caribou onto (Fickus, Bill and Lill (5) 4)

airplane -- mechanical failure (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 3)

airplane -- rearwind sportster (English, Bill and Shirley 11)

airplane -- remains (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 3)

airplane -- surprised by first (William, William and Effie (1) 9)

airplane -- took over (Henzie, Moses and Marie 2)

airplane -- took over mail 1930, twice monthly (William, William and Effie (1) 7)

airplane -- traditional (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 4)

airplane -- traplines (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 6)

airplanes (Holly, Susan 1), (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 4)

airplanes -- effect (Henzie, Moses and Marie 1)

airplanes -- paid cash (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 1)

airplanes -- regular after 1926 (William, William and Effie (1) 9)

airport -- plowing the runway for Public Health Services, 1974 (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (2) 1)

airshow -- Fairbanks (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 12)

airstrip (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 8)

airstrip -- 1960 (Mekiana, Justus (1) 16)

airstrip -- rocks (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 2)

Akpik, Grandma -- not related (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 3)

Alaatna -- Indians

Alaska (Swem, Ted 5)

Alaska Airlines (Johnson, Walter (1) 7)

Alaska Boogey (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 8)

Alaska Coalition (Collins, Bruce 2, 5)

Alaska Department of Fish and Game (Bifelt, Fred Lee 6), (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 9), (Pepper, Jim (1) 12), (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 4, 7)

Alaska Department of Fish and Game Advisory Committee -- local management proposals not given fair hearing (Bifelt, Fred Lee 6)

Alaska Department of Fish and Game -- teaching them things they don't know due to lack of field experience (Reakoff, Jack 9)

Alaska Department of Fish and Game -- too much coffee in Fairbanks (Reakoff, Jack 9)

Alaska Eskimo Whaling Commission (Bane, Ray (2) 5)

Alaska field office -- Anchorage (Swem, Ted (2) 2)

Alaska Land Bank (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 3)

Alaska Land Use Council (ALUC) (Brown, William (2) 5)

Alaska Lands Act (Pepper, Jim (2) 1, 3)

Alaska Lands Council (Pepper, Jim (1) 9)

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (Bane, Ray (2) 4), (Brown, William (1) 15), (Brown, William (2) 3), (English, Bill and Shirley 22), (Pepper, Jim (1) 4, 7, 11), (Schmitz, Dave 7), (Brown, William (2) 6), (Brown, William (2) 7), (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 8)

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act -- 1980 (Brown, William (1) 2)

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act -- after the fact (Bane, Ray (1) 14)

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act -- allows special uses for Alaskans (Pepper, Jim (1) 8)

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act -- ALUC opposition to (Brown, William (2) 5)

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act -- concessions to past users (Schmitz, Dave 8)

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act -- local hire practices (Brown, William (2) 8)

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act -- saddening, concerned -- activities undermine, rot wilderness values (Kauffmann, John 10)

Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act -- sincere effort to reflect cultural and environmental preservation (Bane, Ray (1) 5)

Alaska National Interests Lands Conservation Act -- uniqueness of Alaska is reflected in it (Pepper, Jim (1) 4)

Alaska National Wildlife Refuge (Pepper, Jim (1) 8)

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (Bane, Ray (2) 4), (English, Bill and Shirley 22), (Pepper, Jim (1) 7), (Brown, William (2) 6), (Swem, Ted (2) 1)

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (1971) (Brown, William (1) 15)

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act -- 7(I) revenue (Bifelt, Fred Lee 4)

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act -- context of urgency (Bane, Ray (1) 6)

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act -- development (Brown, William (1) 15)

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act -- eventually realized it was the best thing (Attla, Catherine and Steven (2) 3)

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act -- negotiations (Pepper, Jim (1) 7)

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act -- studies done to recommend sites (Brown, William (2) 1)

Alaska Native Walrus Commission (Bane, Ray (2) 5)

Alaska office -- established (Swem, Ted (2) 2)

Alaska residents -- cooperative management goal, but ineffective because of lack of basis; position poorly articulated (Pepper, Jim (1) 5)

Alaska Road Commission (Johnson, Walter (1) 11)

Alaska Road Commission -- Wiseman (Brown, William (1) 7)

Alaska State Fish and Game -- opposed use of caribou for dogs (Morry Riley 9)

Alaska Statehood Act (Brown, William (1) 7)

Alaska Steamship (Johnson, Walter (1) 1)

Alaska Task Force (Brown, William (2) 5)

Alaska Territory (Brown, William (1) 15)

Alaska -- became easy living with wages (William, William and Effie (2) 2)

Alaska -- compared to other states (Pepper, Jim (2) 3)

Alaska -- cooperative management (Pepper, Jim (1) 7)

Alaska -- enormously effective in what it has gotten (Pepper, Jim (1) 8)

Alaska -- first trip (Swem, Ted 7)

Alaska -- great opportunity (Pepper, Jim (1) 2)

Alaska -- growth (Collins, Bruce 10)

Alaska -- impact on Swem (Swem, Ted 8)

Alaska -- interest in (Swem, Ted (2) 5)

Alaska -- it is our land, it's where our grandma and grandpa come from (Beetus, Joe and Celia 8)

Alaska -- keep the flavor (Henderson, Joe 5)

Alaska -- life is stretched thin (Pepper, Jim (1) 11)

Alaska -- like the West in the 1840's (Schmitz, Dave 2)

Alaska -- many visions were realized (Pepper, Jim (1) 10)

Alaska -- move to (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 4)

Alaska -- move to 1956 (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 1)

Alaska -- often lost by basing arguments on false evidence (Pepper, Jim (1) 5)

Alaska -- people avoid government (Pepper, Jim (1) 7)

Alaska -- return (Bane, Ray (1) 2)

Alaska -- returned, missed the wild food

Alaska -- state of; thirty to forty percent in private or state uses (Pepper, Jim (1) 9)

Alaska -- state opposed giving citizens management authority, and still does (Pepper, Jim (1) 8)

Alaska -- talk about (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 2)

Alaska -- vast (Swem, Ted 8)

Alaska -- wilderness (Pepper, Jim (1) 7)

Alaskan Highway (Johnson, Walter (1) 1)

Alaskans -- diverse perspectives (Pepper, Jim (1) 10)

Alatna (Bifelt, Fred Lee 3), (Bifelt, Madeline 7), (David, David and Kitty 1), (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 2), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 3, 6), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 6), (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 9), (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 1, 2), (Ned, Stanley 3, 11), (Nelson, Richard 8), (Nictune, Wallace and Florence 2), (Ulen, Tishu 1, 3)

Alatna area (Swem, Ted 8)

Alatna River (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 1, 2), (Gray, Millie 4), (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 1), (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 1), (Schmitz, Dave 2), (William, William and Effie (2) 3)

Alatna River -- off the land (David, David and Kitty 1)

Alatna River -- upper part (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 1)

Alatna -- growing up (Nictune, Wallace and Florence 1)

Alatna -- had four kids (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 4)

Alatna -- Indians (Mekiana, Justus (1) 2)

Alatna -- more lush (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 6)

Alatna -- started when they came down for Christmas; started living on this side (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 6)

Alatna -- store (Johnson, Walter (1) 6)

Alatna -- trip up (Nictune, Wallace and Florence 2)

Alberta -- school in Fairbanks (Beetus, Joe and Celia 1)

Albright -- learned ranger skills (Bane, Ray (1) 12)

Albuquerque (Gray, Millie 8)

alcohol (Bifelt, Fred Lee 9)

alcohol prevention (David, David and Kitty 8)

alcohol -- past history (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (2) 3)

alcohol -- quit drinking in 1974 (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (2) 3)

alcohol -- recovery prompted by desire to do "the Lord's work" (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (2) 3)

alder bark -- dye (Ross-Oliver,Ethel 11)

Alfred, Uncle (Williams, Susie 7)

Alice -- daughter was born and husband went over (Williams, Susie 2)

All Terrain Vehicles (Bane, Ray (1) 11), (Kauffmann, John 10)

All Terrain Vehicles -- description of (Morry, Riley 8)

All Terrain Vehicles -- hunting (Morry, Riley 6)

All Terrain Vehicles -- immediate conflict between Natives and federal government (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 9)

All Terrain Vehicles -- result (Morry Riley 9)

Allakaket (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 9), (Attla, Catherine and Steven (2) 3), (Bifelt, Fred Lee 3), (Bifelt, Madeline 1, 6, 7), (David, David and Kitty 6), (English, Bill and Shirley 2, 3, 16, 17), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 3), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4), 3), (Gray, Millie 2, 4, 10), (Holly, Susan 7), (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 2, 7), (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (3) 6), (Ned, Stanley 1, 11), (Nelson, Richard 8), (Nictune, Wallace and Florence 4), (Sam Sr., Tony 3), (William, William and Effie (1) 1), (Williams, Susie 5)

Allakaket trail (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 7)

Allakaket -- 1958-83 (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (3) 2)

Allakaket -- April 1st, gather to get boats (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 10)

Allakaket -- biggest gathering point on Koyukuk River (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 12)

Allakaket -- brought dry meat to, no fish (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 1)

Allakaket -- camp four miles above (Ned, Stanley 1)

Allakaket -- father (Derendoff, Angeline (1) 1)

Allakaket -- Fourth of July (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 12)

Allakaket -- grew fast (Williams, Susie 1)

Allakaket -- hearing (Ned, Stanley 17)

Allakaket -- holidays; since 1938 (Beetus, Joe and Celia 1)

Allakaket -- much sickness, mother gave away to save life (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 2)

Allakaket -- no sheefish above (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 1)

Allakaket -- parents moved to (Williams, Susie 1)

Allakaket -- school (Beetus, Joe and Celia 3)

Allakaket -- six miles below, big village (Williams, Susie 1)

Allakaket -- started trapping (Ned, Stanley 9)

Allakaket -- stayed from 1973-1989 (Ned, Stanley 9)

Allakaket -- summer trip (Attla, Catherine and Steven (3) 3)

Allakaket -- two weeks to say goodbye (Ned, Stanley 8)

Allakaket -- won 3 races from here (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (2) 2)

Allen (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 7), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 6)

Allen River (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 2)

Allen, Henry (Johnson, Walter (1) 14)

Allen, Jess (English, Bill and Shirley 5), (Reakoff, Jack 1)

Allin, Roger (Swem, Ted 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12), (Swem, Ted (2) 3)

Allin, Roger -- very knowledgeable (Swem, Ted 8)

Almond, Steve (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 2)

Almonds Family (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 2)

Almonson, Harriet -- teacher (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 5)

Almonson, Miss -- teacher (Derendoff, Angeline (1) 4)

Altna

Alyeska (Lounsbury, George 7, 14)

Ambler (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 9), (Nelson, Richard 8), (Sam Sr., Tony 6), (Williams, Susie 9)

Ambler River (Schmitz, Dave 9)

Ambler -- subsistence studies (Nelson, Richard 3)

Amelia (Simon, Lydia 3)

amendments (Williams, Susie 12)

Amendments -- young Congressmen often had great impact (Pepper, Jim (1) 5)

American Heritage -- more than just the land; people (Pepper, Jim (1) 12)

Amiliak, Susie (Paneak) (Ross-Oliver,Ethel 10)

ammunition (English, Bill and Shirley 6, 17)

Anaktiktok River (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 3, 6), (Schmitt, Dennis (2) 3)

Anaktiktok Valley (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 2)

Anaktuvuk (Brown, William (1) 11), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 3), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 2), (Johnson, Walter (1) 9, 11, 12), (Mekiana, Debbie 1)

Anaktuvuk -- landchief (Morry, Riley 5)

Anaktuvuk Pass (Bane, Ray (1) 6, 11), (Bane, Ray (2) 4), (Brown, William (1) 6, 7), (Collins, Bruce 6, 13, 15, 16, 17), (English, Bill and Shirley 16), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 10, 11), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (2) 7), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 6), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (5) 2), (Johnson, Walter (1) 11, 14), (Lounsbury, George 11), (Mekiana, Justus (1) 17), (Nelson, Richard 8, 9), (Pepper, Jim (1) 3), (Reakoff, Jack 1), (Ross-Oliver,Ethel 2, 15), (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 2, 6), (Schmitz, Dave 9), (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 4, 6, 9)

Anaktuvuk Pass Village (Brown, William (1) 13)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- 1965, late summer (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 2)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- come by snowmachine (Holly, Susan 7)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- founded 1950's (Gray, Millie 10)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- independence through isolation (Schmitt, Dennis (2) 7)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- lawsuit against State of Alaska (Schmitt, Dennis (2) 7)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- lodgings, tent (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 1)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- moved there in 1948 (Morry, Riley 1)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- Native land within (Brown, William (2) 2)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- one year or two (Morry, Riley 2)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- reception in (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 2)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- residents (Morry, Riley 11)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- school attempts, 1950's (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 15)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- Simon Paneak Museum (Collins, Bruce 15)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- some walked to (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 3)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- Stutzman and a crew visited town to see what impact ATV's have on land & people (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick (2) 1)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- teachers, 1956 (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 15)

Anaktuvuk Pass -- two white men come in

Anaktuvuk Pass -- willows (Morry, Riley 1)

Anaktuvuk River (Brown, William (2) 1), (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 3), (Schmitt, Dennis (2) 7)

Anaktuvuk -- Anaqtuuvik (Mekiana, Justus (1) 2, 8, 17, 18)

Anaktuvuk -- early memories (Morry, Riley 1)

Anaktuvuk -- families stay because children must attend school (Mekiana, Justus (1) 10)

Anaktuvuk -- land chief

Anangula Island -- in Aleutian Chain (Nelson, Richard 1)

Ananuliak Island (Nelson, Richard 1)

Anaqtiqtuaq (Mekiana, Justus (1) 5)

Anaqtuuppaat -- place after freeze-up (Mekiana, Justus (1) 2)

Anaqtuuvagmiut (Mekiana, Justus (1) 2)

Anchorage (Bifelt, Madeline 8), (Brockman, Ross 7), (Collins, Bruce 7), (David, David and Kitty 5), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 6), (Swem, Ted 7), (Swem, Ted (2) 2)

Anchorage Basin (Collins, Bruce 10)

Anchorage -- 1976; no place for me (Reakoff, Jack 7)

Anchorage -- Martin Victor's Fur Shop (Gray, Millie 8)

Anchorage -- medical training, 1969 (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 14)

Anchorage -- nurse's aide (Gray, Millie 8)

Anchorage -- until 1984 (Holly, Susan 1)

Anderson (Johnson, Walter (2) 3)

Anderson brothers (Johnson, Walter (1) 11)

Anderson, Andy (Beetus, Joe and Celia 6), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 6)

Anderson, Doug (Bane, Ray (1) 5)

Anderson, Douglas (Nelson, Richard 1, 3)

Anderson, Gladys and Lloyd (Mekiana, Debbie 4)

Anderson, Hanna and Jim (Nictune, Wallace and Florence 4)

Anderson, J.P. (Johnson, Walter (2) 3)

Anderson, Jim -- pilot (Mekiana, Justus (1) 16)

Anderson, Jim -- Wien pilot (Mekiana, Justus (1) 5)

Anderson, Terry

Anderson, Wanni (Nelson, Richard 3)

Andrew -- genius, died of tuberculosis, age 19 (Gray, Millie 5)

Andrus, Cecil Secretary (Pepper, Jim (1) 12)

Andrus, Cecil Secretary -- story about Andrus plus some background (Pepper, Jim (2) 1)

Andrus, Secretary -- hoped president wouldn't use (Bane, Ray (1) 13)

Angeline -- Sitka (Bifelt, Madeline 8)

anger (Bane, Ray (1) 13)

ANILCA (Brown, William (2) 8)

animal signs (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 4)

animal -- population (Nelson, Richard 7)

animals (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 13)

animals -- bear, wolf, afraid of that dog (Attla, Catherine and Steven (3) 4)

animals -- caribou, bear (Mekiana, Debbie 2)

animals -- caribou, moose, fox, squirrel, rabbits, birds (Mekiana, Debbie 1)

animals -- changed, used to stay away from villages (Bifelt, Madeline 3)

animals -- fish, caribou, sheep (Morry, Riley 5)

animals -- if we handle live animal, it won't come back (Williams, Susie 4)

animals -- lack of moose, caribou (Henzie, Moses and Marie 3)

animals -- living with them (Reakoff, Jack 9)

animals -- marten, fox, beaver

animals -- marten, mink, rabbits, ptarmigan (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 10), (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 8)

animals -- rabbit, lynx, beaver, fox (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 3)

animals -- respect for (Reakoff, Jack 9)

animals -- taking care of (Ned, Stanley 5)

Annie (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 10), (Williams, Susie 4)

antecedents (Brown, William (1) 5)

anthropologists (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 2)

anthropology (Brown, William (1) 6)

antiques (Henderson, Joe 11)

Antiquities Act (Brown, William (2) 1)

Antiquities Act -- created by legal action of Alaska; no choice, brought it on (Pepper, Jim (1) 6, 12)

Antiquities Act -- prepared study for presidential proclamation (Bane, Ray (1) 13)

Anvik (Vent, Bobby 1, 2)

apartment living (Fickus, Bill and Lill (2) 4)

application to Gates of the Arctic National Park (Brown, William (1) 14)

April -- returned (Beetus, Joe and Celia 2)

April -- visit family (Holly, Susan 4)

archeology -- historical (Brown, William (1) 4)

Archibald Gulch (Lounsbury, George 4, 9)

Arctic caribou herd (Pepper, Jim (2) 3)

Arctic caribou herd -- crash of; turn of century, 1970's; theories (Pepper, Jim (1) 12)

Arctic Cat -- metal track (Morry, Riley 10)

Arctic Charlie (Schmitt, Dennis (2) 3)

Arctic City (Beetus, Joe and Celia 3), (Johnson, Walter (1) 3), (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 1, 7), (Williams, Susie 1)

Arctic Environmental Information and Data Center -- Anchorage (Morry, Riley 5)

Arctic Health Research Lab (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 15)

Arctic John (Brockman, Ross 4), (English, Bill and Shirley 19), (Johnson, Walter (2) 3), (Lounsbury, George 2, 8), (Reakoff, Jack 1, 2)

Arctic John -- buried dog in cemetery, cut trail from tombstone to cabin (Henderson, Joe 10)

Arctic John -- Harry got dogs from, 1/2 wolf (Henderson, Joe 10)

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge -- press coverage (Collins, Bruce 14)

Arctic Ocean (Ross-Oliver,Ethel 2)

Arctic Refuge (Collins, Bruce 12)

Arctic Refuge -- visitation (Collins, Bruce 14)

Arctic Slope (Morry, Riley 5)

Arctic Slope Regional Corporation land -- suggest federal government claims only land not used by Natives with All Terrain Vehicles (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick (2) 1)

Arctic Slope Regional Corporation -- selected important lands (Morry, Riley 5)

Arctic Village (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 5), (Johnson, Walter (1) 14), (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 1), (Lounsbury, George 6), (Williams, Susie 6)

Arctic Village -- mom from (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 5)

Arctic Village -- study of Wiseman (Brown, William (1) 4)

Arctic Village -- Wiseman (Brown, William (1) 7)

Arctic Wildlife Refuge (Swem, Ted 11)

area close to village (Schmitt, Dennis (2) 2)

areas that warrant protection or study (Swem, Ted 5)

areas -- possible additions to National Park Service (Swem, Ted 7)

Argo (Mekiana, Justus (2) 1)

army tents -- (3) used for school house (Mekiana, Justus (1) 12)

Army -- drafted July 7, 1970 (Ned, Stanley 8)

Armystad Recreation Area (Collins, Bruce 1)

Arnick (Sam Sr., Tony 5)

arrangement -- uncles and grandfathers (William, William and Effie (1) 2)

Arrigetch Peaks (Brown, William (2) 1), (Holly, Susan 7), (Kauffmann, John 4), (Swem, Ted 7), (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 6)

Arrigetch Peaks -- 1974 (Schmitz, Dave 5), (Brown, William (2) 5)

arsenic (Johnson, Walter (1) 14)

articles -- Living Wilderness (pub. of Wilderness Society) (Kauffmann, John 6)

artists -- local art (Henderson, Joe 6)

Arundale, Wendy -- technical support (Ned, Stanley 14)

Aspinal, Wayne (Swem, Ted (2) 4)

assessment -- people are learning (Bifelt, Fred Lee 3)

assistance -- people formed line to point way (William, William and Effie (1) 9)

Athabascan (Bane, Ray (2) 4)

Athabaskan Indians (Reakoff, Jack 1)

Athabaskans (English, Bill and Shirley 4, 17), (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 8)

Athabaskans -- kindled interest (Bane, Ray (1) 5)

Atigun Pass (Reakoff, Jack 2)

atka -- guardian soul, called to protect newborn (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 8)

attitudes -- change since 1973; more interest now in understanding Native ways (Ned, Stanley 10)

attitudes -- officials don't like people to go up there (William, William and Effie (2) 3)

attitudes -- Park Service and residents (William, William and Effie (2) 3)

Attla, "Old Man" (Sam Sr., Tony 3)

Attla, Alfred -- married to Helen (Beetus, Joe and Celia 1)

Attla, Catherine (Simon, Lydia 3)

Attla, Eliza (Simon, Lydia 3)

Attla, George (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 5), (Derendoff, Angeline (1) 3), (Williams, Susie 4)

Attla, George and Liza (Williams, Susie 4)

Attla, George Sr. (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 4)

Attla, George Sr. -- became chief in Huslia, 1950 (Attla, Catherine and Steven (2) 4)

Attla, George Sr. -- brought Sammy home (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 10)

Attla, George -- father from Hughes (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 1)

Attla, George -- got kids through school (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 4)

Attla, Steven (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 5)

attractions -- culture; language; kids; people (Bane, Ray (1) 4)

August -- back to nothing again (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 5)

Aunt Christine (English, Bill and Shirley 10)

aunt -- Williams, Effie, stayed at camp with (Ned, Stanley 5)

Auntie Celia (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 10)

Auntie Effie (William) (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 10)

Auntie Lydia (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 10)

Aurora (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 15)

Austrians -- walk to Bettles (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 4)

authority -- more local control; not simple advisory role (Bifelt, Fred Lee 7)

authority -- tripartite; state; federal; citizen (Pepper, Jim (1) 8)

aviation (Collins, Bruce 2, 7), (English, Bill and Shirley 11), (Johnson, Walter (1) 2), (Lounsbury, George 2)

aviation -- access (Collins, Bruce 7)

aviation -- accident (English, Bill and Shirley 15)

aviation -- accidents (English, Bill and Shirley 13)

aviation -- commercial (English, Bill and Shirley 15)

aviation -- history (English, Bill and Shirley 14, 15)

aviation -- impact (Brown, William (1) 14), (English, Bill and Shirley 11)

aviation -- interior routes (English, Bill and Shirley 15)

aviation -- license (English, Bill and Shirley 15)

aviation -- people transport (Collins, Bruce 13)

aviation -- pilot (Collins, Bruce 13)

aviation -- training (English, Bill and Shirley 11)

aviation -- transport (English, Bill and Shirley 11)

B

babies (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (3) 5)

baby -- 1953 (Mekiana, Justus (1) 8)

baby -- 1st born late October, 1953 (Mekiana, Justus (1) 10)

babysitting (William, William and Effie (1) 2)

babysitting -- when people went seining; only seven at time (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 1)

backcountry permits -- only in selected areas (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 6)

background -- lack of (Collins, Bruce 4)

backpackers -- have little interest in Wiseman (Henderson, Joe 8)

Baker, Howard (Swem, Ted 3, 4)

baker -- Millie sent as at age seventeen (Gray, Millie 6)

band -- $8000-$9000 outfit (Sam Sr., Tony 6)

Bane, Barbara (Collins, Bruce 7), (Nelson, Richard 8)

Bane, Ray (Collins, Bruce 6, 7, 8), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 7), (Nelson, Richard 1, 3, 8, 9, 11)

Bane, Ray -- anthropologist (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 3)

Bane, Ray -- early subsistence studies (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 4)

Bane, Ray -- many years of experience; circumnavigation of Arctic (Brown, William (2) 5)

Bane, Ray -- never disclosed why interviewing (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 7)

Bane, Ray -- on-site assistant for Park; designation as "ultimate wilderness"

baptism -- first name in the book (Williams, Susie 1)

baptized -- Hughes (Derendoff, Angeline (1) 5)

Bar Creek (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 4)

barabara -- Aleut dwelling (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 3)

Barber, Matilda (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 9)

barge -- taken apart to build cabin (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 10)

Barkly, Emily (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 13), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (2) 1)

Barkly, Pat (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 13), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (2) 1)

Barkly, Pat and Emily (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 8)

Barkly, Pat -- heart attack (Fickus, Bill and Lill (2) 1)

Barkly, Pat -- Merchant Marine (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 8)

barley (Fickus, Bill and Lill (2) 5)

Barrow (English, Bill and Shirley 3, 22), (Johnson, Walter (1) 9, 12), (Mekiana, Justus (1) 15), (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 13), (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 13), (Schmitt, Dennis (2) 5)

Barrow people (Mekiana, Justus (1) 2)

Barrow -- missionary from (Mekiana, Justus (1) 10)

Barrow -- seven teachers (Bane, Ray (1) 4)

Barrow -- teacher came from to teach Tulugaq people before 1948 (Mekiana, Justus (1) 12)

Barter Island (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 13), (Schmitt, Dennis (2) 5)

Bartlett, Bob (Johnson, Walter (1) 15)

Barve, Lavon (Fickus, Bill and Lill (5) 2)

baseball -- men vs. women (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 12)

Battle Mountain, Nevada (Brockman, Ross 6)

beading (Henzie, Moses and Marie 6)

beads (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 9)

beadwork -- mustn't waste (Bifelt, Madeline 9)

bear (Brockman, Ross 4), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 7)

bear populations -- increased (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 6)

bear -- encounter (Mekiana, Debbie 2)

bear -- grizzly (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 8)

bear -- polar, as man killers (Schmitt, Dennis (2) 2)

bear -- run over Arctic John (Brockman, Ross 4)

bear -- sightings, used to be bad omen (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 3)

bear -- took four or five shots (Mekiana, Debbie 2)

bear -- women ate meat (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 1)

bears (Collins, Bruce 4), (English, Bill and Shirley 21), (Pepper, Jim (2) 2)

bears -- grizzlies have large territorial boundaries (Brown, William (2) 5)

bears -- inua controversy (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 13)

bears -- only man hunt, he say (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 11)

bears -- rocks thrown at (Fickus, Bill and Fickus (5) 1)

bears -- run into on horseback (Fickus, Bill and Lill (2) 8)

Beaver (David, David and Kitty 2), (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 3), (English, Bill and Shirley 12, 15, 17), (William, William and Effie (1) 5, 9)

beaver dam (Fickus, Bill and Lill (5) 3)

Beaver People -- friendly (William, William and Effie (1) 5)

beaver -- hardest to catch (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 4)

beaver -- overpopulated today, good meat and fur (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 8)

beaver -- 'till March (Bifelt, Madeline 2)

beaver -- trapped, used heads at fox den (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 1)

Beaver -- village (Lounsbury, George 4)

beaver -- work horse of bush (Holly, Susan 3)

Beck, Charlie -- Wiseman

bed -- caribou skin (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 12)

bed -- length of cabin, heads toward center (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 9)

bed -- one takes up side of room (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 12)

bedrock (Fickus, Bill and Lill (2) 2)

Beetus, Henry -- many lived in crowded house (Beetus, Joe and Celia 3)

Beetus, Joe (Attla, Catherine and Steven (3) 2)

Beetus, Joe and Celia (Williams, Susie 4)

Beetus, Joe -- hunting, came upon, didn't know what it was (Attla, Catherine and Steven (3) 1)

Beetus, Little -- trapped; hard living (Beetus, Joe and Celia 1)

Beetus, Little; stepdad from South Fork (Beetus, Joe and Celia 1)

Beetus, Norman (Williams, Susie 12)

Beetus, Sophie (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 10)

Beetus, Uncle Old Man (Attla, Catherine and Steven (3) 3)

Beetus -- Henry and Annie (Williams, Susie 4)

beliefs -- Indian way (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 4)

Belous, Bob (Bane, Ray (1) 13), (Nelson, Richard 4), (Pepper, Jim (1) 3), (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 3)

Beltz, Senator William -- territorial legislature (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 15)

beluga -- people never landed them where they live (Ulen, Tishu 3)

benchmark park -- premier wilderness park (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 3)

Bentley, Bishop (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 7)

Bentley, Bishop -- group marriage (Beetus, Joe and Celia 3)

Bentley, Bishop -- married them (Derendoff, Angeline (2) 1)

Bentley, Bishop -- pressured people, saying that anybody together had to get married or break up (Derendoff, Angeline (2) 1)

Bereman -- cultural anthropology professor (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 1)

Berger, Roger and Molly (Ned, Stanley 7)

Bergman (Johnson, Walter (1) 3)

Bergman, Caroline

Bergman, Albert (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (2) 3)

Bergman, Auntie Elizabeth -- at her house (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 11)

Bergman, Auntie Elizabeth -- call her mom; nice, quiet, stories (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 11)

Bergman, Billy (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 1), (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 7), (William, William and Effie (2) 1), (Williams, Susie 1)

Bergman, Billy and Ceza -- grandparents (Bifelt, Madeline 4)

Bergman, Billy -- caught 300 in several days (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 6)

Bergman, Billy -- father (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 1, 2)

Bergman, Billy -- next cabin (Beetus, Joe and Celia 2)

Bergman, Caroline (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 10), (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 14)

Bergman, Ceza -- mother (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 2)

Bergman, Edward -- oldest brother (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 7)

Bergman, Edward -- sent by Mission to warn (Williams, Susie 2)

Bergman, Elizabeth (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 13)

Bergman, Evelyn (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 7)

Bergman, Lubuck -- brother (William, William and Effie (1) 7)

Bergman, Lydia (William, William and Effie (1) 3)

Bergman, Steven -- died (William, William and Effie (1) 7)

Bergman, Uncle Steven (Bifelt, Madeline 7)

Bergman, Warner -- son, cut logs (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (2) 3)

Bering Land Bridge (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 7)

Bering Sea (Swem, Ted 7)

berries -- blueberries, cranberries, wild currents; jam (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 2)

berry areas (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 6)

berry picking (Beetus, Joe and Celia 3), (David, David and Kitty 8), (English, Bill and Shirley 5)

Bertha's mom -- death (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 10)

Bertha -- one year older (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 1)

Bertha -- sister (David, David and Kitty 6)

Bertha -- stayed with them a lot (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 2)

Bertha -- taught me language (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 2)

Bessie (Williams, Susie 4)

Bettles (Bane, Ray (2) 4), (Brown, William (1) 8, 11, 14), (Collins, Bruce 2, 6), (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 2, 4), (English, Bill and Shirley 2, 3, 12, 16, 24),(Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 8, 9, 10), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (2) 1, 4, 7), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 2, 3, 4, 7), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 2, 7), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (5) 2, 4), (Holly, Susan 7), (Johnson, Walter (1) 3, 9, 14), (Lounsbury, George 5), (Mekiana, Justus (1) 4, 16), (Morry, Riley 7), (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 1, 9), (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 1), (Nelson, Richard 8), (Pepper, Jim (2) 2), (Reakoff, Jack 1), (Schmitz, Dave 4), (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 6), (William, William and Effie (1) 4, 5), (Williams, Susie 6)

Bettles Field (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 7)

Bettles Field -- first big airport (Gray, Millie 7)

Bettles Lodge (Schmitz, Dave 2), (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 1)

Bettles Lodge -- father built it for Weins (Gray, Millie 9)

Bettles Lodge -- personal threats (Bane, Ray (1) 13)

Bettles River (Johnson, Walter (1) 14)

Bettles Village (Ross-Oliver,Ethel 2)

Bettles -- access road proposed (Ned, Stanley 14)

Bettles -- black and white breed (Henderson, Joe 10)

Bettles -- distance (Henzie, Moses and Marie 2)

Bettles -- environmental planner; liaison; six years (Bane, Ray (1) 6)

Bettles -- father moved there for work (Gray, Millie 9)

Bettles -- hauling freight (William, William and Effie (1) 8)

Bettles -- hostility (Bane, Ray (1) 13)

Bettles -- husband had lived there (Holly, Susan 1)

Bettles -- launch point (Ned, Stanley 17)

Bettles -- men's school (Mekiana, Justus (1) 3)

Bettles -- miners (William, William and Effie (1) 7)

Bettles -- Natives and non-Natives (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 4)

Bettles -- no Indians (William, William and Effie (1) 4)

Bettles -- Portage Trail (Henzie, Moses and Marie 2)

Bettles -- radio (William, William and Effie (2) 2)

Bettles -- repaired boats in winter (William, William and Effie (2) 1)

Bettles -- store (Bifelt, Madeline 7), (English, Bill and Shirley 1), (Ulen, Tishu 6)

Bettles -- subsistence (Collins, Bruce 16)

Bettles -- summer headquarters (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 7)

Bettles -- supply warehouse (English, Bill and Shirley 3)

Bettles -- trading post (Mekiana, Justus (1) 5)

Bettles -- visitors (Collins, Bruce 15)

Bettles -- warehouse (Johnson, Walter (1) 6)

Bettles -- white people (Beetus, Joe and Celia 3)

Bettles -- winter, shuts down (Holly, Susan 3)

Bettles -- with white people (William, William and Effie (1) 4)

Bettles-Wiseman run -- kicker travel (William, William and Effie (2) 1)

bias -- racial (Johnson, Walter (1) 10)

Bible (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 5)

Bible -- always somebody watching over (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 7)

Bible -- translation (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 8), (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 13)

bicycle (Johnson, Walter (1) 1)

Bifelt, Cue -- husband (Bifelt, Madeline 8)

Bifelt, Edith (Derendoff, Angeline (1) 4)

Bifelt, Fred (William, William and Effie (1) 6)

Bifelt, Fred and Edith (Derendoff, Angeline (1) 6), (Derendoff, Angeline (2) 1)

Bifelt, Fred and Helen (Williams, Susie 4)

Bifelt, Fred -- ceremony at his house (Derendoff, Angeline (2) 1)

Bifelt, Madeline and Edith (Derendoff, Angeline (1) 2)

Bifelt, Ralph (Simon, Lydia 3)

Big Dipper (Brockman, Ross 5)

Big Jim (Johnson, Walter (1) 9)

Big Lake (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 5, 8), (English, Bill and Shirley 5), (Johnson, Walter (1) 3, 9, 14)

Big Squaw Lake (Ulen, Tishu 5)

Big William (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 1)

Big William -- grandfather (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 2)

Big William -- had friend there; doctor-healer (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 3)

Big William -- went to live with at twelve (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 2)

Bill, Spud (Swem, Ted (2) 4)

Bill -- house there, nice place (Williams, Susie 5)

Bills, Jim (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 11)

Billy Bergman's Spring Camp (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 9)

biologist (Brockman, Ross 7)

biologists -- caribou studies (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 15)

birchbark (Vent, Mary 1)

birds -- naming (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 15)

birds -- scientific study (Morry, Riley 4)

birth certificates (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 5)

Bishop Bentley -- married them (Derendoff, Angeline (1) 6)

Bishop, Frank (Gray, Millie 10)

black bear (Brockman, Ross 4), (Reakoff, Jack 6)

black belt park (Kauffmann, John 8, 9)

Black Creek -- 22 years (Beetus, Joe and Celia 6)

Black Creek -- mining claim (Attla, Catherine and Steven (3) 1)

Black Jack (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 2), (Moses, Johnson and Bertha 9)

Black Jack Camp -- nine miles up (David, David and Kitty 1)

Black Jack -- lived there year-round (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 3)

Black Mesa Defense (Brown, William (1) 1)

blackfish (Ulen, Tishu 2)

blackfish -- trap (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 1)

blizzard (Ross-Oliver,Ethel 10)

blueberries -- east side of village (Schmitt, Dennis (2) 3)

board of directors (Bifelt, Fred Lee 3)

board -- Alaska Department of Fish and Game (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 9)

boat freight (Johnson, Walter (1) 7)

boat -- brought home meat; dried (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 1)

boat -- caulking (Bifelt, Madeline 4)

boat -- first built at twenty; copy others (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 2)

boat -- have to build right -- otherwise leaks (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 2)

boat -- IMP (Bifelt, Madeline 6)

boat -- one week, twenty four feet (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 2)

boat -- sixteen foot wooden (Bifelt, Madeline 4)

boatbuilding -- inboards (Gray, Millie 3)

boating -- fun for kids, big trip at end of summer (Gray, Millie 3)

boats (Fickus, Bill and Lill (5) 3)

boats -- 24 feet or larger (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 11)

boats -- first one not right shape; made some for sale (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 2)

boats -- haul out (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1)10)

boats -- IMP, IMP II, Mud Hen (Gray, Millie 3)

boats -- pilot (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 4)

boats -- three (Holly, Susan 3)

Bob and Jack -- interpreted for white men (Mekiana, Justus (1) 9)

Bob Marshall Country (Kauffmann, John 5)

Bolan, Buff (Pepper, Jim (1) 3)

Bolyan family (Johnson, Walter (1) 1)

Bonanza Creek -- trapping (William, William and Effie (1) 9)

Bonyer, David -- Junior Congressman (Pepper, Jim (1) 5)

book -- grizzly bears in Alaska (Swem, Ted 11)

booklet (Swem, Ted (2) 3)

books -- dictionary, Bible, magazines (Mekiana, Justus (1) 14)

books -- how get (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 1)

Boones -- Eagle (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 1)

boot seal -- canvas; give pieces to people (Williams, Susie 9)

boreal forest (Nelson, Richard 11)

born 1947 -- Patterson, N.J. (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 1)

born -- 1916 (William, William and Effie (1) 4)

born -- 1927 (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 3)

born -- 1930 (Henzie, Moses and Marie 1)

born -- 1933 (David, David and Kitty 1)

born -- 1938, Allakaket (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 12)

born -- 1958, Huslia (Bifelt, Fred Lee 1)

born -- Alatna, in tent (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 1)

born -- Allakaket (Beetus, Joe and Celia 1)

born -- Allakaket, 1922 (Beetus, Joe and Celia 3)

born -- Allakaket, August 27, 1926 (Bifelt, Madeline 1)

born -- Allakaket, October 25, 1905 (Williams, Susie 1)

born -- Annapolis, Maryland (Pepper, Jim (1) 1)

born -- April 8, 1944 (Lounsbury, George 1)

born -- Big Lake (Ulen, Tishu 2)

born -- California (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 1)

born -- four years younger than Elma (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 2)

born -- Illinois (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 2)

born -- January 12, 1931 (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 10)

born -- January 1923 (English, Bill and Shirley 1)

born -- January 28, 1929 (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 1)

born -- July 20, 1922 (Johnson, Walter (1) 1)

born -- July 5, 1924 (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 2)

born -- June 15, 1919 (William, William and Effie (1) 1)

born -- Killik Bend (Morry, Riley 1)

born -- March 2, 1950 (Ned, Stanley 1)

born -- March 28, 1929 (Vent, Bobby 4)

born -- May 2, 1930, Alatna (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (2) 1)

born -- Oct. 5, 1923 (Kauffmann, John 1)

born -- October 12, 1913 (Sam Sr., Tony 1)

born -- October 28, 1928 (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 2)

born -- Pennsylvania (Holly, Susan 1)

born -- September, 1933 (Henzie, Moses and Marie 4)

born -- Steven 1924 (Attla, Catherine and Steven (1) 1)

born -- Wellsburg, West Virginia (Bane, Ray (1) 1)

borough houses (Mekiana, Debbie 1)

Bosei, Mamie (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 1, 3)

Bosey, Mammie

botany (Johnson, Walter (2) 3)

Boulder Creek (Lounsbury, George 2)

Boulding, Charlie (Fickus, Bill and Lill (5) 2)

boundaries (Mekiana, Justus (1) 18)

boundaries -- hunting areas changes (Mekiana, Justus (2) 1)

boundaries -- set to accommodate speculative mining interests (Pepper, Jim (1) 11)

boundaries -- were established for political reasons (Pepper, Jim (1) 4)

boundary issues (Pepper, Jim (1) 12)

boundary studies (Swem, Ted 4)

boundary -- told not to cross (William, William and Effie (2) 3)

bounty (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 4, 5)

bounty -- $50 (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 4)

bounty -- bone (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 4)

Bowen, Bill (Swem, Ted 5, 7)

Bowen, Bill -- trip to Hawaii (Swem, Ted 7)

bowhunt -- inefficient (Reakoff, Jack 4)

bowhunters -- high wound loss; primitive means (Reakoff, Jack 5)

boy scout (Swem, Ted 1)

boy scout camp -- director of nature study (Swem, Ted 1)

Boyce, Miss (William, William and Effie (1) 1)

Bradley, Zorro (Bane, Ray (1) 7), (Collins, Bruce 6), (Nelson, Richard 3, 4, 8)

Bradley, Zorro -- ideas for studying Native life (Bane, Ray (1) 5)

breaking trail -- person ahead of dogs (William, William and Effie (1) 7)

Breck, Charlie (Lounsbury, George 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11), (Reakoff, Jack 1, 3)

Breck, Charlie -- Wiseman (Brown, William (1) 11)

breed -- freighting line; lots of different lines (Henderson, Joe 10)

breeding (Vent, Bobby 4)

Brewster, Kingman (Pepper, Jim (1) 1)

Brice, Al (Fickus, Bill and Lill (2) 4)

Bristol Bay (Reakoff, Jack 7)

Bristol Bay -- June (Reakoff, Jack 8)

Brockman, Ross (Johnson, Walter (2) 4) (Lounsbury, George 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11), (Reakoff, Jack 1)

Brockman, Ross -- self description (Brockman, Ross 2)

Brockman, Ross -- Wiseman (Schmitz, Dave 13)

broken faith -- breach was that those we spoke with in the field didn't support the Act; hence they lost (Pepper, Jim (1) 6)

Brooks (Brown, William (1) 5)

Brooks Camp (Swem, Ted 14)

Brooks Range (Bane, Ray (1) 6), (Bane, Ray (2) 6) , (Brown, William (1) 13), (English, Bill and Shirley 16), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 3, 7), (Lounsbury, George 1), (Nelson, Richard 8), (Reakoff, Jack 1), (Ross-Oliver, Ethel 1), (Schmitt, Dennis (1) 13)

Brooks Range Wilderness Trips -- sold operation two years ago (Schmitz, Dave 6)

Brooks Range -- camped, hiked, boated with Nelson (Bane, Ray (1) 5)

Brooks Range -- central, epitome of wilderness (Bane, Ray (1) 10)

Brooks Range -- geographically northernmost, ultimate U.S. mountains, ultimate wilderness (Kauffmann, John 13)

Brooks Range -- quit school after one semester to go there (Schmitz, Dave 1)

Brooks Range -- western (Pepper, Jim (1) 12)

brother (Edwards, Ann and Elma Sam 1), (Swem, Ted 1)

brother -- died next day (Beetus, Joe and Celia 4)

brother -- Edward (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 9)

brother -- Edward suggested Lydia (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 7)

brother -- flew for Wien (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 7)

brother -- got sick (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 5)

brother -- Hudson (Sam Sr., Tony 6)

brother -- move to Alaska (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 2)

brother -- Ross gets burned (Sam Sr., Tony 2)

brother -- William Koyukuk (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 10)

brothers and sisters (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 5)

brothers and sisters -- half (Bergman, Lindberg and Lydia (1) 10)

brothers and sisters -- half; Andrew, Josephine, Marianne, Gerald, Ralph, Wilfred Jr. (Gray, Millie 5)

brothers -- Bergman and Billy quit playing (Sam Sr., Tony 2)

brothers -- Billy and Ross (Sam Sr., Tony 1)

brothers -- off hunting (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 7)

brothers -- played music (Moses, Johnson and Bertha (1) 7)

brown bear (Swem, Ted 11)

Brown University (Bane, Ray (1) 5)

Brown, Bill (Brown, William (1) 1), (Nelson, Richard 11), (Pepper, Jim (1) 2, 4, 6)

Brown, Bill -- area in charge of (Brown, William (2) 4)

Brown, Bill -- played important role in feasibility study; "key man" (Brown, William (2) 4)

Brown, Bill -- retired, but still involved (Brown, William (2) 7)

Brown, Chet (Swem, Ted 4)

Brown, Gertie (Sam Sr., Tony 6)

Brown, Randy (Brown, William (1) 2)

buildings -- historic (Henderson, Joe 11)

Bull Run (Fickus, Bill and Lill (5) 3)

Bullock, Jack (Lounsbury, George 7)

bunk houses (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 10)

bunkhouse

Bunnell, Bill (Fickus, Bill and Lill (3) 5)

Bureau of Education (Brown, William (1) 7)

Bureau of Indian Affairs (Bane, Ray (1) 2), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 3), (Morry, Riley 1), (Swem, Ted 7)

Bureau of Land Management (Brown, William (1) 15), (Fickus, Bill and Lill (4) 7), (Lounsbury, George 13), (Morry, Riley 11), (Schmitz, Dave 7), (Swem, Ted 7), (Swem, Ted (2) 4), (Stutzman, Suzie and Ring, Dick 7)

Bureau of Land Management -- bomber fire retardant site (Schmitz, Dave 4)

Bureau of Land Management -- development plans unwise (Reakoff, Jack 10)

Bureau of Land Management -- didn't believe in giving away large chunks of land (Pepper, Jim (1) 7)

Bureau of Land Management -- job (Nictune, Wallace and Florence 5)

Bureau of Land Management -- opposition (Swem, Ted (2) 4)

Bureau of Land Management -- pavements and parking lots (Reakoff, Jack 2)

Bureau of Land Management -- rules most lenient anywhere in nation (Pepper, Jim (1) 11)

Bureau of Land Management -- would lose acre for every park acre gained (Pepper, Jim (1) 2)

Bureau of Outdoor Recreation (Brown, William (1) 15), (Swem, Ted 9, 10)

Bureau of Outdoor Recreation -- established (Swem, Ted 9)

Bureau of Reclamation (Swem, Ted 3)

Bureau of Reclamation -- regional office in Denver (Swem, Ted 4)

bureaucracy (Ned, Stanley 16)

Burke, Dr -- fell in love with woman there (Williams, Susie 6)

Burke, Dr. (Fickus, Bill and Lill (1) 6), (Williams, Susie 6)