PAULA:  So... 

KAREN:  Were there other ways that people used to use animal fat, swan fat? 

PAULA:  Well, the only thing I know about that is they used -- like -- like I said, you know, they use it for sore throat.  And I don't know what else it was used for. 

KAREN:  So for -- swan fat for sore throat, do you make it liquid and drink it?  How do you use it? 

PAULA:  Just scrape it.  When you scrape it off the skin, it becomes more like -- more like a liquid.  It's not total liquid, it's, you know --

KAREN:  Kind of softens the fat? 

PAULA:  Uh-hum.  Yeah.  And you have a tablespoon of that. 
Like my brother, when -- there used to be a hospital in Mountain Village.  And when he went to Mountain Village, they took his tonsils out.  Excuse me.  And then they gave him cod liver oil for medicine, you know, to take two teaspoons of cod liver oil daily for vitamins, I guess. 

And he didn't like the cod liver oil, so my mom used to give him two teaspoons of seal oil, the liquid part.  Every day.  So I think seal oil has a lot of vitamins, vitamins in it. 

Exactly what, I don't know.  I probably -- there's YKHC group of people who find out about values of all the greens, the berries that we eat off land.  They should do that, too, on seal oil and see.

KAREN:  Yeah. 

PAULA:  What the con -- what the contents are. 

KAREN:  Yeah.  I know in -- you know, Mainstream America, fish oil now is becoming a big thing with, you know, natural medicines. 

PAULA:  Uh-hum (affirmative). 

KAREN:  And everybody up here has been eating fish for a long --

PAULA:  Uh-hum (affirmative).  Long time.  Yeah. 

Ever since I find -- I heard that, that fish oil is good, you know, I -- I -- I try to have some.  You know, when you take that dried fish off the skin, there's fat.  I start eating that for it, you know, just for that. 

And my mother used to use the fish fat for when she'd tan skins, she used to put some fish fat and, you know, start.  And it makes the tan good, you know, very soft. 

And of course, your hands, too, like we used to have aged urine all the time, and my mom used to wash the fish skins, dried fish skins in there, soak them for a few days, and wash them in that urine in wintertime and hang them outside.  And -- and then they -- the winter, cold, sort of bleached them along with the aged urine is just like ammonia.  And it really cleaned that.  There's no more oil whatsoever on the skin.  And we used to use a lot of that -- excuse me.  So...